Images of Islam, 1453–1600

, Dürer is drawing attention to contemporary conflicts

Though Egypt was only incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, it had previously been associated with the Turk in Venetian religious ar

Stella Mary Newton, author of the first major academic work on Renaissance theatre costume, has argued that the images of the Turk from sixteenth-century Ottoman figures in theatre productions inspired paintings and prints depicting similar themes from this period

Portrait medals depicting likenesses of rulers, courtiers or military leaders were heavily influenced by ancient Greek and Roman coins,

In images of Turks in which European artists attempt to represent different peoples of the Ottoman Empire, the Mamluks wear tall shaggy hats or tāquiyya, while Ottoman Turks are depicted in turbans or the janissary börk, and occasionally top hats.

Travellers’ tales were more often met with fascinatio

Vavassore’s map continued to be used as the basis for understanding the city of Constantinople well into the seventeenth century, and copies were reused to illustrate histories, geographies and chronicles.

Like the main panorama in Schedel’s Nuremberg Chronicle, this woodcut does not depict Ottoman Turks explicitly and the only human figures are those shown in the boats, of which only one has crescent-moon flags

As the threat of the Turk drew closer to the Holy Roman Empire, the fascination with the Ottoman Empire and its people intensified, as did the number of images and literary accounts.

These works included chronicles, illustrations of battle reports, travel literature and biblical scenes.